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88. P1 antigen: P1 is one of the many blood groups and is the most common antigen; the bacterial receptor of the P1 antigen represents a portion of the P1 blood group antigen that is responsible for Escherichia coli adhesion to surface membranes of the intestinal tract.

89. parenteral: drug or substance, like supplementary nutrition, administration by intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection; especially introduced other than by way of the intestines

90. paresis: paralysis

91. pathogenic: capable of causing disease.

92. pathogenesis: the origin of a disease and the chain of events leading to that disease.

93. peritoneal dialysis: technique that uses the patient's own body tissues inside of the belly (abdominal cavity) to act as a filter to remove waste products and excess water from the body

94. petechiae: a minute reddish or purplish spot containing blood that appears in skin or mucous membrane

95. placebo: an inert or harmless substance used especially in controlled experiments testing the efficacy of another substance (as a drug)

96. plasmapheresis: separating out the plasma from the whole blood, replacing the plasma, and returning plasma and original blood cells to the patient

97. platelet: An irregular, disc-shaped element in the blood that assists in blood clotting. During normal blood clotting, the platelets clump together.

98. preeclampsia: a toxic condition developing in late pregnancy that is characterized by a sudden rise in blood pressure, excessive gain in weight, generalized edema, albuminuria, severe headache, and visual disturbances

99. premorbid: occurring or existing before the occurrence of disease or illness

100. primary: first in order of time or development

101. prodromal: a symptom or set of symptoms that occur before the onset of a disease or condition

102. proteinuria: protein in the urine

103. prothrombotic: a substance which encourages the production of blood clots

104. puerperium: the period after labor or the period between childbirth and the return of the uterus to its normal size

105. purpura: characterized by bleeding into the skin with the production of petechiae or bruising and by hemorrhages into mucous membranes

106. randomized: things or persons put in a random order so that every thing or person is equally likely to be selected; study subjects are randomly distributed into groups which are either subjected to the experimental procedure (or use of a drug) or which serve as controls.

107. receptor: a structure on the surface of a cell (or inside a cell) that selectively receives and binds a specific substance.

108. rectal prolapse: the falling down or slipping of a the rectum (the terminal part of the intestine) from its usual position

109. refractory: resistant to treatment or cure

110. remission: a state or period during which the symptoms of a disease are abated

111. renal: kidney

112. retina: the sensory membrane that lines most of the large posterior chamber of the eye; functions as the immediate instrument of vision by receiving the image formed by the lens and converting it into chemical and nervous signals which reach the brain by way of the optic nerve

113. sclerosis: hardening of a tissue from inflammation or overgrowth of tissue

114. sequelae: an after effect of disease, injury, procedure, or treatment

115. serotype/group: a group of intimately related microorganisms distinguished by a common set of antigens

116. Shiga toxin/Stx: a poisonous product of the E. coli organism; toxins are usually very unstable and can cause damage to cells. Toxins typically induce antibody formation.

117. sodium: the major positive ion (cation) in fluid outside of cells. When combined with chloride, the resulting substance is table salt. Excess sodium is excreted in the urine. Too much or too little sodium can cause cells to malfunction.

118. splenectomy: removal of the spleen

119. stupor: decreased mental status or consciousness; loss of alertness

120. subclinical: without clinical manifestations, said of the early stage of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests

121. systemic lupus erythematosus: an inflammatory connective tissue disease of unknown cause that occurs chiefly in women and that is characterized especially by fever, skin rash, and arthritis, often by acute hemolytic anemia, by small hemorrhages in the skin and mucous membranes, by inflammation of the pericardium, and in serious cases by involvement of the kidneys and central nervous system

122. tetraspastic: a state of hypertonicity or increase over the normal tone of a muscle, with heightened deep tendon reflexes, affecting all four extremities

123. thalamus/thalami: the part of the brain that serves to relay impulses and especially sensory impulses to and from the cerebral cortex (the gray matter of the cerebrum that functions chiefly in coordination of sensory and motor information)

124. thrombocytopenia: persistent decrease in the number of blood platelets that is often associated with hemorrhagic conditions -- called also thrombopenia

125. thrombogenic: tending to produce a thrombus (a clot of blood formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin)

126. thrombosis: the formation or presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel

127. thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP): a blood disorder characterized by low platelets, low red blood cell count (caused by premature breakdown of the cells), abnormalities in kidney function, and neurological abnormalities; caused by a deficiency in the von Willebrand Factor cleaving protease, known as ADAMTS13. The loss of this enzyme results in large complexes of von Willbrand factor circulating in the blood, which in turn causes platelet clumping and red blood cell destruction. (see also von Willebrand factor).

128. tubular necrosis, acute: caused by ischemia of the kidneys (lack of oxygen to the tissues) or by exposure to materials that are poisonous to the kidney. The internal structures of the kidney, particularly the tissues of the kidney tubule, become damaged or destroyed. It is one of the most common structural changes associated with the development of acute renal failure.

129. univariate analysis: a statistical analysis that describes one factor, like age, in a set of study data; sometimes this term is used to describe the relationship between two factors

130. urticaria: hives

131. vascular endothelial growth factor: substance made by cells that stimulates new blood vessel formation

132. verotoxin: bacterial toxin that causes damage to the gastrointestinal tract (also known as Shiga-like toxin; see shiga toxin)

133. virulence: the degree or ability of a pathogenic organism to cause disease

134. von Willebrand factor: a protein involved in normal blood clotting, that reduces adhesion to collagen but not aggregation. Both bleeding time and coagulation are increased. (see also TTP)

135. white matter: neural tissue that consists largely of myelinated (sheathed) nerve fibers, has a whitish color, and underlies the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord or is gathered into nerves

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